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What Is Polymarket and How Does It Work?

Updated September 2026 · Facts checked against Polymarket's own docs and help center on September 24, 2026 · Independent research, not affiliated with Polymarket

Polymarket is a prediction market: you buy and sell shares on the outcome of real-world events. Shares are priced between $0 and $1, and each share on the winning side is worth $1 when the market resolves. Since late 2025 it has run as two separate products: the international site polymarket.com, which runs on the Polygon blockchain, and the Polymarket US app, a CFTC-regulated exchange for US residents. This guide explains how trading, deposits, costs and resolution work on each, as of September 2026.

Polymarket tutorial →

What is Polymarket?

Polymarket was founded in 2020 by Shayne Coplan, who is its CEO, and launched in New York in June 2020. The company named in US court filings and Justice Department releases is Blockratize Inc. The polymarket.com footer names Adventure One QSS Inc., and the US product is operated by QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US.

What you trade are shares in a question with a deadline and written rules, such as whether a candidate wins an election or whether a central bank cuts rates at a given meeting. The share price reflects what traders collectively think the chance is: a Yes share at 30¢ implies roughly a 30% probability.

Your counterparty is another trader. Orders meet in an order book, and on most market categories the trader whose order fills immediately (the taker) pays a fee. Polymarket has also drawn large outside investment, including from Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), the owner of the New York Stock Exchange; the details are in our Polymarket review.

Two products: polymarket.com and the Polymarket US app

There are now two Polymarkets, and they are not interchangeable. Polymarket's help center describes them as separate products with unconnected accounts and separate support teams ([email protected] and [email protected]).

  • polymarket.com (international). Runs on the Polygon blockchain. You sign in with an email link, a Google account or an external crypto wallet, and your balance sits in a wallet you control rather than in an account held by Polymarket. Trading is blocked or limited in the countries on Polymarket's restricted list, which includes the United States: US residents cannot deposit or trade on polymarket.com.
  • Polymarket US app. Operated by QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US, a CFTC-designated contract market that Polymarket bought in July 2025 as part of a $112 million deal. It works in US dollars and requires identity verification. As of September 2026 it is iOS-only, with Android listed as not yet launched. It began a gradual rollout on December 3, 2025 and dropped its waitlist on May 12, 2026. Polymarket's US docs list sports markets as available and politics, culture, finance and economics as upcoming.

The rest of this guide covers both and flags where they differ. An account on one does not give you access to the other.

How does a trade on Polymarket work?

Each market is a question with two outcomes, usually Yes and No. Shares trade between $0 and $1. When the market resolves, each winning share can be redeemed for $1.00 and each losing share is worth $0.

Prices come from an order book of buy and sell orders placed by other traders. Two order types matter:

  • Limit order (maker). You name a price and your order waits in the book until someone trades against it. On polymarket.com makers pay no fee, and in most categories they receive a share of taker fees back as a rebate.
  • Market order (taker). Your order fills immediately against resting orders. Takers pay a fee in most categories, and a large order in a thin book can fill at progressively worse prices.
A worked example. You buy 100 Yes shares in a politics market at 50¢ as a taker. That costs $50 plus a $1.00 fee. If the market resolves Yes, your 100 shares are worth $100. If it resolves No, they are worth $0 and you lose the $50 plus the fee. You don't have to wait for the outcome: shares keep trading until the market closes, so if the price rises to 70¢ you can sell and take the gain early. A sale that fills immediately pays its own taker fee.

Because a Yes share and a No share on the same market always add up to $1 at resolution, the two sides mirror each other: No at 45¢ corresponds to Yes at 55¢.

Money in and out

  • polymarket.com. Since an exchange upgrade on April 28, 2026, trading balances are held in pUSD (Polymarket USD), a token on Polygon backed 1:1 by USDC. It replaced the bridged USDC (USDC.e) used before, and existing balances converted 1:1 with no fee. You can still deposit USDC and other supported assets from Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Optimism and other EVM chains, as well as Solana, Bitcoin and Tron; deposits are converted to pUSD automatically. The minimum deposit is $20 on Ethereum and $3 on Solana.

You can also buy with a card or bank transfer through third-party on-ramps such as MoonPay, available on Polymarket since July 2024 (card, Apple Pay, Google Pay, bank transfer, and PayPal in some regions). Polymarket says it charges no fee to deposit or withdraw, but intermediaries such as MoonPay or Coinbase may charge their own.

Polymarket's docs describe withdrawals as instant, with no Polymarket fee, although converting between tokens can involve slippage; they suggest splitting withdrawals above $50,000. Tokens sent on a network Polymarket doesn't support may be lost for good (Polymarket runs a recovery tool for some wrong-token deposits), so check the deposit page before you send.

  • Polymarket US app. You fund it in US dollars by debit card, bank transfer (ACH, via Aeropay) or wire, and Polymarket US describes withdrawals as free. Identity verification comes first: you give your full name, date of birth and residential address. Most accounts are verified automatically; some are asked for a government ID and a selfie, and manual review can take up to 3–5 business days.

Deposits & withdrawals →

What does trading on Polymarket cost?

On polymarket.com, takers pay a fee on most categories and makers pay nothing. The fee follows one formula, shares × rate × price × (1 − price), so it is largest at 50¢ and shrinks toward the extremes. The rate depends on the market's category, from 0 on geopolitics to 0.07 on crypto. Taker fees were phased in during 2026: first on short-term crypto markets by early January, then on nearly all categories from March 30, 2026.

The US app has its own published fee schedule, with a taker fee, a maker rebate and volume-based discounts, separate from polymarket.com's.

For worked examples and the current rate in each category, see Polymarket fees explained. To price a specific trade, use the fee calculator. On thin order books, the spread and slippage can cost more than the fee itself.

How do Polymarket markets resolve?

Every market has written rules that name what settles it. On polymarket.com, outcomes go through UMA's Optimistic Oracle, a system outside Polymarket where a result is proposed and can be challenged:

  1. Proposal. A proposer posts the outcome together with a bond, typically $750 pUSD. Since August 2025 only a whitelist of about 37 approved proposers can propose outcomes, but anyone can still dispute one.
  2. Challenge window. If nobody disputes the proposal within 2 hours, the market resolves.
  3. Disputes. A first dispute triggers a second proposal round. A second dispute sends the question to a vote of UMA token holders (UMA's DVM), which takes about 48 hours. A fully disputed market takes about 4–6 days to resolve.

Disputes happen, and they can go against what many traders expected. In March 2025 a market on whether Ukraine would agree to a Trump minerals deal before April (about $7M traded) resolved Yes although no deal had been signed; Polymarket said it was not a market failure and issued no refunds. In July 2025 a UMA vote resolved a market on whether Zelenskyy would wear a suit before July (about $237M traded, according to Decrypt) as No, even though many outlets had described his outfit as a suit. Because UMA votes are weighted by token holdings, large holders can sway outcomes. Read a market's rules before you trade it.

Where is Polymarket available?

polymarket.com blocks or limits trading in a published list of countries and regions, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia and four Canadian provinces. Regulators in several countries that are not on that list, such as Spain, India and Turkey, have ordered blocks of their own. Polymarket's help center and its developer docs also don't fully agree with each other.

US residents use the separate Polymarket US app, not polymarket.com. For the country-by-country picture on both Polymarket and Kalshi, with dates and sources, see where you can use Polymarket and Kalshi. This is not legal advice. Access rules change often, and we re-verify them quarterly.

How does Polymarket compare with Kalshi?

Both are order-book prediction markets whose fees peak at a 50¢ price. The main differences: Kalshi is a CFTC-regulated US exchange on bank rails that has also accepted members from many other countries since October 2025. polymarket.com is crypto-based and serves users outside the US, and Polymarket US is its separate, CFTC-regulated US app. Fees differ by category, and Kalshi charges makers on some series while Polymarket makers pay nothing.

We put the same events side by side, with current prices, depth and after-fee cost, on the compare page. For Kalshi itself, see how Kalshi works and our Kalshi review.

Frequently asked questions

What is Polymarket?

Polymarket is a prediction market where people trade shares on the outcome of real-world events, priced between $0 and $1. Each share on the winning side is worth $1 when the market resolves. It runs as two separate products: polymarket.com for users outside the US, and the CFTC-regulated Polymarket US app for US residents.

How does Polymarket work?

You buy Yes or No shares from other traders through an order book, and the price reflects the market's implied probability. When the event is decided, the market resolves (on polymarket.com, through UMA's Optimistic Oracle). Winning shares are then worth $1 each and losing shares $0. You can also sell before the market resolves.

Is Polymarket available in my country?

It depends on where you are physically located. Polymarket publishes a list of blocked and close-only countries for polymarket.com, and some regulators block it even where it is not on that list. US residents can only use the separate Polymarket US app. Our availability page covers the rules and regulator actions country by country, as of September 2026. This is not legal advice.

Does Polymarket charge fees?

On polymarket.com, takers pay a fee on most categories, calculated as shares × rate × price × (1 − price). Makers pay nothing, and geopolitics markets are fee-free. Polymarket charges no fee to deposit or withdraw, though third parties may. The US app has its own fee schedule. Rates as of 2026-09-20.

How do I withdraw from Polymarket?

On polymarket.com you withdraw from your Polymarket wallet to a crypto wallet or exchange address you choose. Polymarket's docs describe withdrawals as instant with no Polymarket fee, though token conversion can involve slippage and exchanges or on-ramps may charge their own fees. On the Polymarket US app, which is funded in US dollars, Polymarket describes withdrawals as free.

Who decides how a Polymarket market resolves?

On polymarket.com, resolution runs through UMA's Optimistic Oracle. An approved proposer posts the outcome with a bond; if nobody disputes it within 2 hours, it stands. A disputed outcome can go to a vote of UMA token holders, which takes about 48 hours, and a fully disputed market takes about 4–6 days. In a widely reported 2025 dispute, Polymarket issued no refunds.

Is Polymarket legal in the US?

Polymarket US operates as a CFTC-regulated designated contract market, and US residents cannot trade on polymarket.com. Several states are challenging prediction markets in court, and a Nevada court has barred Polymarket from offering event contracts to Nevada residents without a gaming licence. This is regulatory information, not legal advice.

Sources & verification

Every fact on this page comes from the sources below, checked on September 24, 2026. Where only secondary reporting was available, we say so. Products, fees and access rules change; we re-verify this page quarterly.

PolyKal is an independent research tool. We are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operated by Polymarket or Kalshi. We don't take trades or hold funds, and nothing here is legal, tax or financial advice. Last reviewed September 24, 2026.

Polymarket & Kalshi Fee CalculatorEnter a contract count and price to see each platform's exact trading fee, taker or maker, from its published fee formula. Open the calculator →
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How Polymarket Works
What Is Polymarket and How Does It Work?
Updated September 2026 · Facts checked against Polymarket's own docs and help center on September 24, 2026 · Independent research, not affiliated with Polymarket

Polymarket is a prediction market: you buy and sell shares on the outcome of real-world events. Shares are priced between $0 and $1, and each share on the winning side is worth $1 when the market resolves. Since late 2025 it has run as two separate products: the international site polymarket.com, which runs on the Polygon blockchain, and the Polymarket US app, a CFTC-regulated exchange for US residents. This guide explains how trading, deposits, costs and resolution work on each, as of September 2026.

Polymarket tutorial →

What is Polymarket?

Polymarket was founded in 2020 by Shayne Coplan, who is its CEO, and launched in New York in June 2020. The company named in US court filings and Justice Department releases is Blockratize Inc. The polymarket.com footer names Adventure One QSS Inc., and the US product is operated by QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US.

What you trade are shares in a question with a deadline and written rules, such as whether a candidate wins an election or whether a central bank cuts rates at a given meeting. The share price reflects what traders collectively think the chance is: a Yes share at 30¢ implies roughly a 30% probability.

Your counterparty is another trader. Orders meet in an order book, and on most market categories the trader whose order fills immediately (the taker) pays a fee. Polymarket has also drawn large outside investment, including from Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), the owner of the New York Stock Exchange; the details are in our Polymarket review.

Two products: polymarket.com and the Polymarket US app

There are now two Polymarkets, and they are not interchangeable. Polymarket's help center describes them as separate products with unconnected accounts and separate support teams ([email protected] and [email protected]).

  • polymarket.com (international). Runs on the Polygon blockchain. You sign in with an email link, a Google account or an external crypto wallet, and your balance sits in a wallet you control rather than in an account held by Polymarket. Trading is blocked or limited in the countries on Polymarket's restricted list, which includes the United States: US residents cannot deposit or trade on polymarket.com.
  • Polymarket US app. Operated by QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US, a CFTC-designated contract market that Polymarket bought in July 2025 as part of a $112 million deal. It works in US dollars and requires identity verification. As of September 2026 it is iOS-only, with Android listed as not yet launched. It began a gradual rollout on December 3, 2025 and dropped its waitlist on May 12, 2026. Polymarket's US docs list sports markets as available and politics, culture, finance and economics as upcoming.

The rest of this guide covers both and flags where they differ. An account on one does not give you access to the other.

How does a trade on Polymarket work?

Each market is a question with two outcomes, usually Yes and No. Shares trade between $0 and $1. When the market resolves, each winning share can be redeemed for $1.00 and each losing share is worth $0.

Prices come from an order book of buy and sell orders placed by other traders. Two order types matter:

  • Limit order (maker). You name a price and your order waits in the book until someone trades against it. On polymarket.com makers pay no fee, and in most categories they receive a share of taker fees back as a rebate.
  • Market order (taker). Your order fills immediately against resting orders. Takers pay a fee in most categories, and a large order in a thin book can fill at progressively worse prices.
A worked example. You buy 100 Yes shares in a politics market at 50¢ as a taker. That costs $50 plus a $1.00 fee. If the market resolves Yes, your 100 shares are worth $100. If it resolves No, they are worth $0 and you lose the $50 plus the fee. You don't have to wait for the outcome: shares keep trading until the market closes, so if the price rises to 70¢ you can sell and take the gain early. A sale that fills immediately pays its own taker fee.

Because a Yes share and a No share on the same market always add up to $1 at resolution, the two sides mirror each other: No at 45¢ corresponds to Yes at 55¢.

Money in and out

  • polymarket.com. Since an exchange upgrade on April 28, 2026, trading balances are held in pUSD (Polymarket USD), a token on Polygon backed 1:1 by USDC. It replaced the bridged USDC (USDC.e) used before, and existing balances converted 1:1 with no fee. You can still deposit USDC and other supported assets from Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Optimism and other EVM chains, as well as Solana, Bitcoin and Tron; deposits are converted to pUSD automatically. The minimum deposit is $20 on Ethereum and $3 on Solana.

You can also buy with a card or bank transfer through third-party on-ramps such as MoonPay, available on Polymarket since July 2024 (card, Apple Pay, Google Pay, bank transfer, and PayPal in some regions). Polymarket says it charges no fee to deposit or withdraw, but intermediaries such as MoonPay or Coinbase may charge their own.

Polymarket's docs describe withdrawals as instant, with no Polymarket fee, although converting between tokens can involve slippage; they suggest splitting withdrawals above $50,000. Tokens sent on a network Polymarket doesn't support may be lost for good (Polymarket runs a recovery tool for some wrong-token deposits), so check the deposit page before you send.

  • Polymarket US app. You fund it in US dollars by debit card, bank transfer (ACH, via Aeropay) or wire, and Polymarket US describes withdrawals as free. Identity verification comes first: you give your full name, date of birth and residential address. Most accounts are verified automatically; some are asked for a government ID and a selfie, and manual review can take up to 3–5 business days.

Deposits & withdrawals →

What does trading on Polymarket cost?

On polymarket.com, takers pay a fee on most categories and makers pay nothing. The fee follows one formula, shares × rate × price × (1 − price), so it is largest at 50¢ and shrinks toward the extremes. The rate depends on the market's category, from 0 on geopolitics to 0.07 on crypto. Taker fees were phased in during 2026: first on short-term crypto markets by early January, then on nearly all categories from March 30, 2026.

The US app has its own published fee schedule, with a taker fee, a maker rebate and volume-based discounts, separate from polymarket.com's.

For worked examples and the current rate in each category, see Polymarket fees explained. To price a specific trade, use the fee calculator. On thin order books, the spread and slippage can cost more than the fee itself.

How do Polymarket markets resolve?

Every market has written rules that name what settles it. On polymarket.com, outcomes go through UMA's Optimistic Oracle, a system outside Polymarket where a result is proposed and can be challenged:

  1. Proposal. A proposer posts the outcome together with a bond, typically $750 pUSD. Since August 2025 only a whitelist of about 37 approved proposers can propose outcomes, but anyone can still dispute one.
  2. Challenge window. If nobody disputes the proposal within 2 hours, the market resolves.
  3. Disputes. A first dispute triggers a second proposal round. A second dispute sends the question to a vote of UMA token holders (UMA's DVM), which takes about 48 hours. A fully disputed market takes about 4–6 days to resolve.

Disputes happen, and they can go against what many traders expected. In March 2025 a market on whether Ukraine would agree to a Trump minerals deal before April (about $7M traded) resolved Yes although no deal had been signed; Polymarket said it was not a market failure and issued no refunds. In July 2025 a UMA vote resolved a market on whether Zelenskyy would wear a suit before July (about $237M traded, according to Decrypt) as No, even though many outlets had described his outfit as a suit. Because UMA votes are weighted by token holdings, large holders can sway outcomes. Read a market's rules before you trade it.

Where is Polymarket available?

polymarket.com blocks or limits trading in a published list of countries and regions, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia and four Canadian provinces. Regulators in several countries that are not on that list, such as Spain, India and Turkey, have ordered blocks of their own. Polymarket's help center and its developer docs also don't fully agree with each other.

US residents use the separate Polymarket US app, not polymarket.com. For the country-by-country picture on both Polymarket and Kalshi, with dates and sources, see where you can use Polymarket and Kalshi. This is not legal advice. Access rules change often, and we re-verify them quarterly.

How does Polymarket compare with Kalshi?

Both are order-book prediction markets whose fees peak at a 50¢ price. The main differences: Kalshi is a CFTC-regulated US exchange on bank rails that has also accepted members from many other countries since October 2025. polymarket.com is crypto-based and serves users outside the US, and Polymarket US is its separate, CFTC-regulated US app. Fees differ by category, and Kalshi charges makers on some series while Polymarket makers pay nothing.

We put the same events side by side, with current prices, depth and after-fee cost, on the compare page. For Kalshi itself, see how Kalshi works and our Kalshi review.

Frequently asked questions

What is Polymarket?

Polymarket is a prediction market where people trade shares on the outcome of real-world events, priced between $0 and $1. Each share on the winning side is worth $1 when the market resolves. It runs as two separate products: polymarket.com for users outside the US, and the CFTC-regulated Polymarket US app for US residents.

How does Polymarket work?

You buy Yes or No shares from other traders through an order book, and the price reflects the market's implied probability. When the event is decided, the market resolves (on polymarket.com, through UMA's Optimistic Oracle). Winning shares are then worth $1 each and losing shares $0. You can also sell before the market resolves.

Is Polymarket available in my country?

It depends on where you are physically located. Polymarket publishes a list of blocked and close-only countries for polymarket.com, and some regulators block it even where it is not on that list. US residents can only use the separate Polymarket US app. Our availability page covers the rules and regulator actions country by country, as of September 2026. This is not legal advice.

Does Polymarket charge fees?

On polymarket.com, takers pay a fee on most categories, calculated as shares × rate × price × (1 − price). Makers pay nothing, and geopolitics markets are fee-free. Polymarket charges no fee to deposit or withdraw, though third parties may. The US app has its own fee schedule. Rates as of 2026-09-20.

How do I withdraw from Polymarket?

On polymarket.com you withdraw from your Polymarket wallet to a crypto wallet or exchange address you choose. Polymarket's docs describe withdrawals as instant with no Polymarket fee, though token conversion can involve slippage and exchanges or on-ramps may charge their own fees. On the Polymarket US app, which is funded in US dollars, Polymarket describes withdrawals as free.

Who decides how a Polymarket market resolves?

On polymarket.com, resolution runs through UMA's Optimistic Oracle. An approved proposer posts the outcome with a bond; if nobody disputes it within 2 hours, it stands. A disputed outcome can go to a vote of UMA token holders, which takes about 48 hours, and a fully disputed market takes about 4–6 days. In a widely reported 2025 dispute, Polymarket issued no refunds.

Is Polymarket legal in the US?

Polymarket US operates as a CFTC-regulated designated contract market, and US residents cannot trade on polymarket.com. Several states are challenging prediction markets in court, and a Nevada court has barred Polymarket from offering event contracts to Nevada residents without a gaming licence. This is regulatory information, not legal advice.

Sources & verification

Every fact on this page comes from the sources below, checked on September 24, 2026. Where only secondary reporting was available, we say so. Products, fees and access rules change; we re-verify this page quarterly.

PolyKal is an independent research tool. We are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operated by Polymarket or Kalshi. We don't take trades or hold funds, and nothing here is legal, tax or financial advice. Last reviewed September 24, 2026.

About this page
Written by
PolyKal research team
Reviewed by
PolyKal data engineering
Last reviewed
2026-09-24
Facts checked
2026-09-24 against Polymarket's docs and help center
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Data is based on publicly visible on-chain and trading activity across platforms. For research reference only — not investment advice. Past performance does not indicate future results.